What Is TENS?

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) is a physical therapy procedure used for pain management by stimulating sensory nerve endings. It is based on the principle of pain modulation at the level of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord through the so-called “Gate Control” mechanism.

TENS can be low-frequency (1–20 Hz) or high-frequency (over 70 Hz).

What Effects Can Be Achieved?

This method can produce an effect similar to massage and may cause a tingling sensation, but it should not cause pain or muscle contractions.

The electrodes are placed over dermatomes or acupuncture points.

When Is TENS Used?

• Sports injuries
• Complex regional pain syndrome
• Neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction
• Cervical and lumbar pain syndromes
• Arthritis
• Neuralgia
• Pain caused by malignant diseases

How Long Does TENS Therapy Last?

TENS therapy can last from 15 minutes to 24 hours, depending on the patient’s symptoms and condition.

When Should TENS Not Be Used?

• During pregnancy
• In patients with medical implants (pacemakers, ICDs, neurostimulators, etc.)
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Epilepsy
• Skin infections at the application site
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Over areas affected by tumours